Afatinib: Uses, Side Effects, Dosages and More | Guide

Afatinib is a targeted therapy drug used primarily to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with specific gene mutations. It works by blocking the signals that tell cancer cells to grow and divide. This comprehensive guide explores afatinib’s uses, dosage, side effects, and other essential information, empowering patients and caregivers to make informed decisions about their treatment journey.

Introduction

Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. While traditional treatments like chemotherapy have been a mainstay, the advent of targeted therapies like it has revolutionized the treatment landscape for certain types of lung cancer.

Afatinib offers a more precise approach by targeting specific molecules involved in cancer growth. This article delves deep into this generic, providing a comprehensive overview of its uses, benefits, potential side effects, and other crucial aspects to help patients and their families navigate this treatment option.

What is Afatinib?

Afatinib, sold under the brand name Anib, manufactured by Drug International Ltd. ,is a prescription medication classified as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). TKIs are a type of targeted therapy that blocks the action of specific proteins called tyrosine kinases, which play a role in cell growth and signaling.

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Mechanism of Action

Afatinib specifically targets epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs). These receptors are found on the surface of cells and, when activated, can trigger cell growth and division. In some types of cancer, including NSCLC, EGFRs are overactive or mutated, leading to uncontrolled cell growth.

This generic medicine works by irreversibly binding to and blocking these EGFRs, effectively inhibiting their activity and slowing down or stopping the growth of cancer cells.

FDA Approval and Indications

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) initially approved it in 2013 for the treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC whose tumors have specific EGFR gene mutations (exon 19 deletions or exon 21 L858R substitution mutations). These mutations are often found in people with a history of smoking.  

In 2016, the FDA expanded afatinib’s approval to include the treatment of patients with metastatic squamous NSCLC who have progressed after platinum-based chemotherapy.

How is Afatinib Used?

Dosage and Administration

Afatinib comes in tablet form and is typically taken orally once a day on an empty stomach, at least one hour before or two hours after a meal. The recommended starting dose is 40 mg. However, your doctor will determine the appropriate dose based on your individual needs and medical history.

It’s crucial to follow your doctor’s instructions carefully and not to change your dose or stop taking afatinib without consulting them first.

Who Should Take Afatinib?

Afatinib is generally prescribed for adults with:

• Metastatic NSCLC with specific EGFR mutations (exon 19 deletions or exon 21 L858R substitution mutations) who have not received prior treatment for metastatic disease.
• Metastatic squamous NSCLC that has progressed after platinum-based chemotherapy.

Your doctor will perform tests to determine if your tumor has the specific EGFR mutations that make this generic medicine an appropriate treatment option.

Who Should Not Take Afatinib?

You should not take this generic medicine if you:

• Are allergic to it or any of its ingredients.
• Have severe liver impairment.
• Are pregnant or breastfeeding.

It’s essential to discuss your complete medical history with your doctor before starting it.

What are the Side Effects?

Like all medications, afatinib can cause side effects. Some side effects are common and manageable, while others can be more serious and require medical attention.

Common Side Effects

Common side effects of afatinib include:

• Diarrhea: This is one of the most common side effects. Your doctor may recommend over-the-counter medications or dietary changes to manage diarrhea.
• Rash: Skin rashes are also common and can range from mild to severe. Your doctor may prescribe creams or ointments to help relieve the rash.
• Mouth sores: These can be painful and make it difficult to eat or drink. Your doctor may recommend mouthwashes or pain relievers to manage mouth sores.
• Dry skin: Afatinib can cause dry skin, which can be managed with moisturizers.
• Nail problems: Changes in nails, such as brittleness or discoloration, can occur.
• Decreased appetite: This can lead to weight loss. Your doctor may recommend nutritional supplements or dietary changes to help maintain your weight.

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Serious Side Effects

While less common, afatinib can also cause serious side effects, including:

• Lung problems: Afatinib can cause inflammation of the lungs (interstitial lung disease), which can be life-threatening. Symptoms include shortness of breath, cough, and chest pain.
• Liver problems: Afatinib can cause liver damage. Symptoms include yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), dark urine, and abdominal pain.
• Eye problems: Afatinib can cause inflammation of the cornea (keratitis), which can affect your vision. Symptoms include eye pain, redness, and blurred vision.
• Heart problems: Afatinib can cause a slow heart rate (bradycardia) or an irregular heartbeat.

If you experience any of these serious side effects, contact your doctor immediately.

Managing Side Effects

Your doctor can provide guidance on managing side effects and may prescribe medications or recommend lifestyle changes to help alleviate symptoms. It’s important to report any side effects to your doctor, even if they seem minor.

Other Medications

Drug Interactions

It can interact with certain medications, including:

• Antifungal medications: Taking afatinib with certain antifungal medications can increase the risk of side effects.
• Antibiotics: Some antibiotics can affect how afatinib is absorbed by the body.
• St. John’s Wort: This herbal supplement can decrease the effectiveness of afatinib.

It’s crucial to inform your doctor about all medications you are taking, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and herbal supplements.

 Other Cancer Treatments

It may be used in combination with other cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Your doctor will determine the best treatment plan based on your individual needs.

Afatinib and Lifestyle

Diet and Nutrition

Maintaining a healthy diet is essential during cancer treatment. It can cause side effects like diarrhea and decreased appetite, which can affect your nutritional intake. Your doctor or a registered dietitian can provide guidance on dietary modifications and strategies to manage these side effects.

Exercise and Physical Activity

Engaging in regular physical activity can help improve your overall well-being during cancer treatment. However, it’s important to discuss appropriate exercise options with your doctor, as this medicine can cause fatigue and other side effects that may affect your ability to exercise.

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Afatinib and Specific Populations

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

It can harm an unborn baby and should not be taken during pregnancy. Women of childbearing potential should use effective contraception while taking afatinib and for a period of time after stopping treatment.

Afatinib can also pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. Breastfeeding is not recommended while taking afatinib.

Older Adults

Older adults may be more susceptible to certain side effects of afatinib, such as kidney problems and dehydration. Your doctor may adjust your dose or monitor you more closely if you are an older adult.

Patients with Liver or Kidney Problems

It is primarily processed by the liver and kidneys. If you have liver or kidney problems, your doctor may adjust your dose or monitor you more closely.

Patients with Diabetes

This tablets can affect blood sugar levels. If you have diabetes, your doctor may need to adjust your diabetes medications or monitor your blood sugar more closely.

Doctor’s Advice and Patient Perspectives

What to Ask Your Doctor

Before starting afatinib, it’s important to have a thorough discussion with your doctor. Here are some questions you may want to ask:

• What are the potential benefits and risks of Afatinib for my specific situation?
• What are the common and serious side effects of this capsules?
• How will it affect my daily life?
• What can I do to manage side effects?
• How will my treatment be monitored?
• What are the alternatives to this medicine?

Patient Experiences and Testimonials

Hearing from other patients who have taken this medicine can provide valuable insights into the treatment experience. You can find patient testimonials and support groups online or through your doctor’s office.

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Alternatives to This Tablet

Other EGFR Inhibitors

Several other EGFR inhibitors are available, including:

• Erlotinib (Tarceva)
• Gefitinib (Iressa)
• Osimertinib (Tagrix 80 MG)

Your doctor will consider factors such as your specific type of lung cancer, your overall health, and potential side effects when choosing the most appropriate EGFR inhibitor for you.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy remains a standard treatment option for many types of lung cancer. It may be used alone or in combination with targeted therapies like this generic medicine.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a newer type of cancer treatment that harnesses the body’s own immune system to fight cancer cells. It may be an option for some patients with lung cancer.

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Conclusion

Afatinib is a valuable treatment option for certain patients with NSCLC. By targeting specific EGFR mutations, it can help slow down or stop the growth of cancer cells. However, like all medications, afatinib can cause side effects. It’s essential to discuss the potential benefits and risks with your doctor and to report any side effects you experience.

With careful monitoring and management of side effects, it can offer a meaningful improvement in quality of life for many patients with NSCLC.

FAQs

1. What is the success rate of afatinib?

Ans: The success rate of afatinib varies depending on factors such as the stage of cancer, the presence of specific EGFR mutations, and overall health. Clinical trials have shown that it can improve progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with NSCLC compared to standard chemotherapy.

2. How long can you take afatinib?

Ans: The duration of afatinib treatment varies depending on individual response and tolerance. Some patients may take it for several months or even years, while others may need to discontinue treatment due to side effects or disease progression.

3. Is it a chemotherapy drug?

Ans: No, afatinib is not a chemotherapy drug. It is a targeted therapy that specifically blocks the activity of EGFRs.

4. Does afatinib shrink tumors?

Ans: Yes, it can shrink tumors in some patients with NSCLC. However, the extent of tumor shrinkage varies from person to person.

5. What is the cost of afatinib?

Ans: The cost of afatinib can vary depending on your insurance coverage and the pharmacy you use. Several patient assistance programs are available to help with the cost of it.

!Disclaimer: This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult your doctor for personalized treatment recommendations and guidance