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Description:
Palbociclib is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4 and 6. Cyclin D1 and CDK4/6 are downstream of signalling pathways that lead to cellular proliferation. In vitro, Palbociclib reduced cellular proliferation of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cell lines by blocking the progression of the cell from G1 into the S phase of the cell cycle. Treatment of breast cancer cell lines with the combination of Palbociclib and antiestrogens leads to decreased retinoblastoma (Rb) protein phosphorylation resulting in reduced E2F expression and signalling, and increased growth arrest compared to treatment with each drug alone.
Palbocent treatment of ER-positive breast cancer cell lines with the combination of Palbociclib and antiestrogens led to increased cell senescence compared to each drug alone, which was sustained for up to 6 days following Palbociclib removal and was greater if antiestrogen treatment was continued. In vivo studies using a patient-derived ER-positive breast cancer xenograft model demonstrated that the combination of Palbociclib and letrozole increased the inhibition of Rb phosphorylation, downstream signalling, and tumour growth compared to each drug alone. Human bone marrow mononuclear cells treated with Palbociclib in the presence or absence of an anti-estrogen in vitro did not become senescent and resumed proliferation following Palbociclib withdrawal.
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Cyclin D1 and CDK4/6 are downstream of signaling pathways which lead to cellular proliferation. Palbociclib reduced cellular proliferation of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cell lines blocks progression of the cell from G1 into S phase of the cell cycle. Using to Treat breast cancer cell lines with the combination of Palbociclib and antiestrogens leads to decreased retinoblastoma (Rb) protein phosphorylation resulting in reduced E2F expression and signaling, and increased growth arrest compared to treatment with each drug alone.
Although treatment of ER-positive breast cancer cell lines with the combination of Palbociclib and antiestrogens led to increase cell senescence compared to each drug alone, which sustained for up to 6 days following Palbociclib removal and was greater if antiestrogen treatment continued. While studies using a patient-derived ER-positive breast cancer xenograft model demonstrate that the combination of Palbociclib and letrozole increased the inhibition of Rb phosphorylation, downstream signaling, and tumor growth compared to each drug alone. Human bone marrow mononuclear cells treat with Palbociclib in the presence or absence of an anti-estrogen then did not become senescent and resumed proliferation following Palbociclib withdrawal.
Interaction
Palbociclib is indicated for the treatment of HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced or metastatic breast
cancer in combination with:
• an aromatase inhibitor as initial endocrine based therapy in postmenopausal women; or
• fulvestrant in women with disease progression following endocrine therapy.
Dosage & Administration
The recommended dose of Palbociclib is a 125 mg capsule taken orally once daily for 21 consecutive days followed by 7 days off treatment to comprise a complete cycle of 28 days. Palbociclib should be taken with food. Administer the recommended dose of an aromatase inhibitor when given with Palbociclib. Please refer to the Full Prescribing Information for the aromatase inhibitor being used. When given with Palbociclib, the recommended dose of fulvestrant is 500 mg administered on Days 1, 15, 29, and once monthly thereafter. Please refer to the Full Prescribing Information of fulvestrant. Pre/perimenopausal women treated with the combination Palbociclib plus fulvestrant therapy should be treated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists according to current clinical practice standards.
Side Effects
Most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥10%) were neutropenia, infections, leukopenia, fatigue,
nausea, stomatitis, anemia, alopecia, diarrhea, thrombocytopenia, rash, vomiting, decreased appetite,
asthenia, and pyrexia.
Precautions
• Neutropenia: Complete blood count should monitor prior to start of Palbociclib therapy and
at the beginning of each cycle, as well as on Day 15 of the first 2 cycles, and as clinically indicate.
• Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: Palbociclib can cause fetal harm. Patients should advise about
potential risk to the fetus and to use effective contraception.
Contraindications
None.
Use in Pregnancy & Lactation
Based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action, Palbociclib can cause fetal harm. When administered to a pregnant woman. There are no available data in pregnant women to inform the drug-associated risk. In animal reproduction studies, administration of Palbociclib to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis resulted in embryo fetal toxicity at maternal exposures that were ≥4 times the human clinical exposure based on AUC. Pregnant women should advise about the potential risk to a fetus.
The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2%-4% and 15%-20%, respectively. There is no information regarding the presence of Palbociclib in human mil. Its effects on milk production, or the breastfed infant. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed infants from Palbociclib. However, advise a lactating woman not to breastfeed during treatment with Palbociclib and for 3 weeks after the last dose.
Pediatric Use
The safety and effectiveness of Palbociclib in pediatric patients have not established.
Geriatric Use
No overall differences in safety or effectiveness of Palbociclib observe between these patients
and younger patients.
Hepatic Impairment
Mild hepatic impairment had no effect on the exposure of Palbociclib. The pharmacokinetics of
Palbociclib has not been studied in patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment.
Renal Impairment
Mild and moderate renal impairment had no effect on the exposure of Palbociclib. The pharmacokinetics of Palbociclib has not been studied in patients with severe renal impairment.
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